Artificial Insemination (AI) in Pigs

Artificial insemination (AI) is a modern breeding technique in which semen collected from a superior boar is introduced into the uterus of a sow using a special instrument called an AI catheter, without natural mating. AI is recommended by ICAR as an important tool to improve pig genetics across India .

Advantages of AI in Pig Farming

• Allows one superior boar's genetics to reach hundreds of sows

• Reduces disease transmission (especially venereal diseases)

• Eliminates the cost and risk of keeping a boar on every farm

• Allows use of imported or distant boar semen

• Improves record keeping and genetic progress

• Safe for sows — no risk of injury from large boars

AI Procedure

1. Confirm heat: Perform the standing reflex test and expose sow to boar. AI should be done 12–24 hours after detection of heat.

2. Prepare equipment: Use a spiral-tip AI catheter (foam or spiral) for sows, or a post-cervical catheter (for experienced users). Lubricate the catheter tip lightly.

3. Insemination: Insert the catheter gently into the vulva, directing it upward at a 45° angle, then horizontally towards the cervix. Rotate anti-clockwise to lock into the cervix. Attach the semen bottle and allow semen to flow by gravity for 3–5 minutes. Do not apply pressure.

4. Stimulation: Apply back pressure on the sow during insemination to stimulate uterine contractions, improving semen transport.

5. After AI: Remove catheter gently. Keep sow calm. A second AI 12–14 hours later improves conception rate.